1.
Arterial blood pressure
Normal systolic pressure is 120 mmHg or less, and normal diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg or ... The systolic pressure rises and the diastolic pressure falls, ...
2.
Systolic and diastolic murmurs
Systolic and Diastolic Murmurs. Systolic murmurs occurs between S1 and S2 (first and second heart sounds), and therefore are associated with mechanical ...
3.
Arterial blood pressure
When arterial pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer (i.e., blood pressure cuff) on the upper arm, the systolic and diastolic pressures that are ...
4.
Combined sys-dias dysfunction
It is not uncommon in chronic heart failure to have a combination of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, the slope of the end-systolic ...
5.
Autonomic innervation
The right vagus nerve primarily innervates the SA node, whereas the left vagus ... Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on heart function are mediated by ...
6.
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) provides an indirect estimate of left atrial pressure (LAP). Although left ventricular pressure can be directly ...
7.
Systemic vasculature
Venules form larger veins that serve as the primary capacitance vessels of the body - i.e., the site where most of the blood volume is found and where ...
8.
Force-velocity relationship
If the preload is increased, a cardiac muscle fiber will have a greater velocity of shortening at a given afterload (figure 2). ...
9.
valve defects
What causes valve defects? A chronic disease process is responsible for ... viral infection and inflammation of valves can trigger changes in valve ...
10.
Venous return - hemodynamics
Venous return (VR) is the flow of blood back to the heart. Under steady-state conditions, venous return must equal cardiac output (CO) when averaged over ...
